The missionaries did not come to Foochow to acquire property, learn the language, or even to establish amicable relations with their Chinese neighbors. Nor, although Welton, White, and Wiley practiced medicine, was the relief of suffering itself their goal. Even though the missionaries established schools in the 1850s it cannot be said that they had come to promote education. Nor, although they loaned books and showed gadgets to curious officials, was their aim the promotion of intercultural understanding. Their objective in coming to the mission field was amazingly simple and straightforward. It was to make converts to Christianity.
> Ellsworth C. Carlson
The story of the Foochow Missionaries starts on January 2, 1847, when Stephen Johnson, the first missionary sent by the American Board, set foot on Nantai Island, and ends on December 11, 1951, when Carleton Lacy, the last China Methodist Bishop, died friendless and alone at Union Hospital. During that century (105 years) which saw the greatest collision in history between East and West, these Foochow Missionaries lived a life full of love and pain, of adventure and sacrifice, and of joy and heartbreak. Their story is a soul-stirring one, and needs telling.
For years I have been seeking and reading materials about the Foochow Missionaries, about the native converts, and, last but not least, about God himself too, collecting the bits and pieces that are still available and trying to make them fit together into a big picture. I call this work “Foochow Missionaries Project”, hoping it will slow down the rapid process in which these precious memories are slipping into oblivion. Yes, their story must not be forgotten; their story is God’s story.
Look at these pictures below (please be reminded that this is far from a complete list). Do you know any of them? Maybe one of them was/is your ancestor, relative or friend; or maybe you are a scholar or a historian who has made research on some of the persons below, or maybe you are just someone who accidentally stumbles upon this page and finds it of some interest. For whatever reason you came here, I am in bad need of your help. What you have about these Foochow Missionaries, such as photos, documents, publications, family letters, journals and biographies, etc., will certainly enrich our knowledge greatly. Please feel free to contact me at if you have something to share.
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Congregationalist)
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| Caleb Cook Baldwin (摩嘉利; 1820 - 1911) |
Willard Livingstone Beard (禆益知; 1865 - 1947) |
Seneca Cummings (简明; 1817 - 1856) |
Genevieve Lora Dyer (1880 - 1969) |
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| Albert Faurot (福路; 1915 - 1990) |
Charles Hartwell (夏察理; 1825 - 1905) |
Emily Susan Hartwell (夏咏美; 1859 - 1951) |
George Henry Hubbard (许高志; 1855 - 1928) |
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| Alden Ewart Matthews (麻安德; 1921 - ) |
George Merriam Newell (饶卫礼; 1875 - 1956) |
Roderick Scott (徐光荣; 1885 - 1971) |
Edward Huntington Smith (伊芳庭; 1873 - 1968) |
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| Edward Walter Smith (司马德; 1914 - 2008) |
Guy A. Thelin (练善农; 1895? - 1969?) |
William Hill Topping (1885 - 19??) |
Joseph Elkanah Walker (和约瑟; 1844 - 1922) |
American Methodist Episcopal Mission (Methodist)
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| Stephen Livingstone Baldwin (保灵; 1835 - 1902) |
James Whitford Bashford (柏锡福;1849 - 1919) |
William Nesbitt Brewster (蒲鲁士; 1864 - 1917) |
Elizabeth Fisher Brewster (蒲星氏; 1862 - 1955) |
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| Harold Nesbitt Brewster (蒲天寿; 1905 - 1965) |
Harry Russel Caldwell (柯志仁; 1876 - ca.1970) |
Frank Thomas Cartwright (葛惠良; 1884 - 1964) |
Judson Dwight Collins (柯林; 1823 - 1852) |
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| W. Y. Chen (陈文渊; 1897 - 1968) |
Sigourney Trask Cowles (1842 - 1936) |
James L. Ding (陈芝美; 1896 - 1972) |
Otis Gibson (基顺; 1825 - 1889) |
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| John Gowdy (高智; 1869 - 1963) |
Hü Iong-mi (许扬美; 1837 - 1893) |
Hü King Eng (许金訇; 1866 - 1929) |
Edwin Chester Jones (庄才伟; 18?? - 19??) |
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| William Henry Lacy (力为廉; 1858 - 1925) |
Henry Veere Lacy (力亨利; 1886 - 1975) |
George Carleton Lacy (力宣德; 1888 - 1951) |
James Liu (刘扬芬; 1914 - 2010) |
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| Hiram Harrison Lowry (刘海澜; 1843 - 1924) |
Donald E. MacInnis (穆蔼仁; 1920 - 2005) |
Robert Samuel Maclay (麦利和; 1824 - 1907) |
Franklin Ohlinger (武林吉; 1845 - 1919) |
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| Muriel Caldwell Pilley (毕理夫人; 1907 - 2002) |
Nathan J. Plumb (李承恩; 1843 - 1905) |
Sia Sek-ong (谢锡恩; 18?? - 1897) |
James Simester (沈雅各; 1871 - 1905) |
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| Cora E. Simpson (信宝珠; 1880 - 1960) |
Nathan Sites (薛承恩; 1831 - 1895) |
George Blood Smyth (施美志; 1854 - 1911) |
Edward Thomson (1810 - 1870) |
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| Lydia Trimble (程吕底亚; 1863 - 1941) |
Ralph Ansel Ward (黄安素; 1882 - 1958) |
Erastus Wentworth (万为; 1813 - 1886) |
Moses Clark White (怀德; 1819 - 1900) |
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| Paul Prince Wiant (范哲明; 1887 - 1973) |
Isaac William Wiley (怀礼; 1825 - 1884) |
Lucy Wang (王世静; 1897 - 1983) |
Wong Nai-siong (黄乃裳; 1849 - 1924) |
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| Harry Wescott Worley (华惠成; 1886 - 1948) |
C. T. Yang (杨昌栋; 1897 - 1983) |
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Church Missionary Society (Anglican)
Local Churches and Independent Preachers
Geographical Origins of the Foochow Missionaries
Below is a map that shows the geographical origins of most Foochow missionaries, each placemark representing a person. Click on a mark and you will see the name, the birthplace, and the birth and death years of a certain missionary, and some of them are hyperlinked to their Wikipedia entries. As most of the Foochow missionaries came from the Northeastern United States, I have centered the map in this area. But drag it to the United Kingdom, Ireland, China, and other parts of Europe and you will find more missionaries. In the map, red marks stand for those who were connected with the American Methodist Episcopal Mission, yellow for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, blue for the Church Missionary Society, purple for the Lutheran Church of Sweden, and green for the Catholic Church.
View Geographical Origins of the Foochow Missionaries in a larger map
Last updated: 2011/11/15 |